Violence Is An Appropriate Response To Racism :: essays research papers

Brutality is an Appropriate Response to Racism I believe that this statment is negative, as it gives the feeling that brutality is the best way to explain things, and it is not.People need to talk about issues that worry them with the individuals that are causing the worries, doing this wil make managing the issue of bigotry simpler. The expression 'two wrongs don't make a right' is a proper sayingto use in the issue of prejudice since bigotry towards individuals isn't right as is brutality. At the point when one puts the two together, to manage each other,it doesn't make the circumstance right. Indeed, it will exacerbate the situatin in light of the fact that it will cause disdain between the supremacist and the person in question. There is a statement in the book of scriptures, Matthew 5 38- 39 where Jesus talks about vengeance. It peruses, "You have heard that it was stated, tit for tat and a tooth for a tooth. Be that as it may, presently I let you know don't take retribution on somebody who wrongs you. In the event that somebody slaps you on the correct cheek, let him slap your left cheek too." What this implies is, on the off chance that somebody harms once, don't react in a brutal way, accept punishment silently and let them do it once more. It shows that Jesus was against brutality. Gandhi said something comparable: 'An eye for an eye and we will all be visually impaired'. Gandi implied that so mang individuals hurt others that they would wind up genuinely hurt. Put this instructing into practice, in the event that somebody harms you once let them do it a secong time is the message here. The opposite side to this announcement is to concur that racists ought to be managed with in a fierce manner. In some resects, this is right provided that individuals have the mindset to be bigot towards someone else, they should be rebuffed, and on the off chance that savagery fits this kind of rebuff mentment. Individuals, whatever race they are need to decision to choose where they live. They have the right to feel great in their home regardless of whether it isn't the place most of their race lives. Nobody has the option to talk seriously about another human as a result of the shade of their skin. They need viciousness to give them bigotry is uncalled for. Bigotry is somthing very individual to individuals as it shows what they have confidence in Some individuals want to bargain with it in a brutal way, and others incline toward ot manage it in an increasingly inconspicuous way, for instance a discusion.

Cindy Sherman Essay -- essays research papers

Craftsman: Cindy Sherman Conceived: 1954 Glen Ridge, NJ and brought up in rural Long Island School: Earned a BA Degree in 1976, Buffalo State University of N.Y., where she at first  â â â â examined painting. She bombed the imperative early on photography course in light of the fact that  â â â â of her troubles with the innovative parts of making a print. She credits her next  â â â â photography instructor with acquainting her with reasonable craftsmanship, which she says had a  â â â â freeing impact on her.  â â â â Graduated in 1977 and moved to N.Y. Display: First study show of her work, the Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam 1982  â â â â followed by a review at the Whitney Museum of American Art, N.Y. 1987  â â â â The total arrangement (Film Stills) was first shown at the Hirshhorn Museum in  â â â â Washington D.C., 1995  â â â â Lives and works in N.Y. Film Stills: Series of highly contrasting photos made from 1977 to 1980, arrangement of 69,  â â â â incorporates 7 shading works running in date from 1980 to 1992  â â â â Many taken in Sherman's condo, she assumes each job herself, in spite of the fact that they are  â â â â not self-representations. She doesn't uncover herself, yet shows the numerous covers of  â â â â f...

Standardized Tests How to Triumph!

Standardized Tests How to Triumph! As a high schooler, you’ve probably heard a lot about at least two standardized tests, the ACT and the SAT. Colleges typically require you to provide one of these test scores on your application, making the whole process feel like a daunting hurdle you need to clear. Since these tests can be overwhelming and confusing, we’ve provided some tips to help you prepare and lead you to success. Make sure to register! This sounds silly. It makes you think of all those times your mom or dad asked you if you had your lunchbox when you were hopping off to grade school. Of course you did;younever forget these things … until you get to school and realize all your food is at home. Obviously, remembering to register is important. The registration deadline for most standardized tests, including theACT andSAT, is around a month before test day. There’s often a late registration period, but you may have to pay an extra fee for signing up late. Bummer. It costs money to register for the test, but students from low-income families may be eligible for a fee waiver. Talk to your high school counselor as soon as possible if you think this might apply to you, since you’ll need the fee waiver before you register. Bottom line is to sign up, and sign up early. It takes time for scores to come in, and signing up for an earlier test means that you’ll have the option to retake it multiple times if you want to. Sending Scores to Colleges When you register for your tests, you can choose to send your results directly to the colleges youre most interested in. This is the quickest way to send your scores, and its also free (assuming you arent sending to more than four colleges, that is). If you decide to send your scores to Illinois, our SAT I code is 1836 and our ACT code is 1154. Study! Or don’t. There are so many different ways to approach standardized tests. Some people study every single day leading up to the exam, and others waltz into the testing room without ever having opened a study guide. It all depends on who you are as a student. Major standardized test websites provide free study guides and even old exams that students can work through at home. You can useACT study resources orSAT prep guides to study by yourself or with a group of classmates. Some students enroll in test prep classes or hire tutors, though these options will probably cost money. No one is going to make you study for these tests (well, some people might). It’s okay if you want to take your chances by not preparing, but in that case, be prepared instead that you might have to take the test more than once. Don’t get one good night’s sleep … get two! No matter how hard you study, you won’t be at your best if you can’t keep your eyes open during the test. You’ll be functioning like a zombie, and not even a cool zombie, but one that didn’t get enough sleep before its standardized test. Definitely not cool. Catch up on your sleep and you’ll be much more able to face any challenges during the next day! Plan out your morning. The night before, decide how you’re going to get ready for test day so you’re not rushing in the morning. This includes figuring out where you’re going, how you’re getting there, what time you’re going to leave, what you’re going to wear, does your watch work, why did your sister break your watch without telling you, etc. It’s also important to plan out what you’re going to eat the morning of. After all, breakfast is the day’s most important meal. You’ll definitely want to eat something before the test, whether it’s a home-cooked meal or a couple of granola bars in the car. It’s a good idea to bring snacks for the breaks in between tests as well. Keep things in perspective. Yes, standardized tests are important, but they are by no means the be-all and end-all of your life. In fact, they’re not even the be-all and end-all of your college applications! While a score that you’re happy with might be helpful when applying, many colleges,including Illinois, perform a holistic review of their applicants. This means that test scores are only part of what the admissions team looks at. Who you are is more important, and it always will be. Keep things in perspective. Though it might be hard to believe right now, many college students don’t even remember what their test scores were past their freshman year. Think beyond the score. If you’re feeling anxious (or spiteful) about taking a standardized test, try to think of it as an opportunity to learn about yourself. The takeaway from these tests shouldn’t just be your score, because you are definitely more than a number. Your experience leading up to this test is more than a number, too. Maybe you won’t use your score after you’re done applying to colleges, but taking this test can still be extremely valuable. You can gain a lot of insight into yourself and even learn new skills when you’re preparing. Try asking yourself these questions throughout the process: What helps you prepare most?As you study, think about what works for you and what doesn’t. Do you like working with groups, or do you naturally want to study alone? What distracts you, and what helps you focus?How do you approach stressful situations? Do you procrastinate? Are you unable to see the forest for the trees? Or are you unable to see the trees for the forest? Or are you wondering why you’re in a forest in the first place and why your eyes aren’t working?How do you feel during the test?What goes through your mind as you take the test? Do you manage your time well? Was there any part of the test you liked (or at least didn’t mind)? Was there any part that you absolutely couldn’t stand?How do you react to your score?Do you feel relieved? Discouraged? Motivated? Do you feel pressured to compare your scores with your friends or siblings? (Or are you the one asking others to share their score?) How do you define “a job well done”? It takes a lot of endurance to get ready for a test like this. Through it all, remember that you are you, and you are awesome. To do the best you can do is to triumph, and in the end, it’s very possible that you’ll walk out of that test room thinking, “Hey, that wasn’t too bad after all!” applying college prep resources high school planning Illinois Admissions We're here for you as you prepare for college. Whether you're looking for guidance on the college search process or have questions about Illinois, we hope our blogs will help!

Challenges Of The Business Environment Essay - 1373 Words

Challenges in the Business Environment As many know, Apple Inc. is a company, which is located in California, its headquarters, and is a multinational technology company. Apple Inc. designs, sells, and develops computer software, online services, and consumer electronics. Not embracing advancements in technology, unethical business practices and competition are all parts of challenges in the business environment (Lawrence Weber, 2014). Apple’s supplier code of conduct is about making sure that their suppliers are accountable to the strict standards that are held by the company. In 1977, Apple Inc. was founded and as of today, the company has offered a variety of products on a continuous basis, which meets customers’ demands around the globe. This company not only sells and produces cellphones or computer software; they distribute around the world, consumer electronic products. Apple Inc. continues to increase the value of its shareholders and they continue to develop a nd or create new products. Apple Inc. is a company that is also a functioning business organization that is thriving in economies nationwide. Apple Inc. is a company that continues to be number one on the minds of all its customers, by keeping them happy and satisfied (Farfan, 2016). Code of Conduct Changes Apple Inc. has made many changes to its Code of Conduct in recent years, those changes include changes in â€Å"labor and Human Rights, Environmental Impact, Ethics, and Health and Safety,† and in doing so,Show MoreRelatedChallenges in the Business Environment1750 Words   |  7 PagesContents Introduction page 3 Business environment page 3 Challenges page 4 Opportunities page 4 Corporate strategy page 5 Objectives page 5-6 Stakeholders page 6 Channels of communication page 6 Conclusion page 6-7 Bibliography page 7 â€Æ' Question one African art has a dynamic and a cultural heritage and is one of the most important resourcesRead MoreThe Challenges Of The Contemporary Business Environment1461 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The contemporary business environment is so diverse and unpredictable owing to current financial recession facing the global market. In order to remain competitively active in this volatile business atmosphere, most organizations have opted to adopt feasible organizational changes that add value to their operational framework. However, much as change is inevitable, people, business enterprises, organizations, as well as great nations often find it hard to embrace change, something thatRead MoreChallenges Of The Global Business Environment1111 Words   |  5 Pages Challenges in the Global Business Environment Joseph D. Williams Dr. Stephanie Dunston Strayer University BUS 475 Business and Society 16August 2015 Changes that Apple has made to its Code of Conduct Apple Incorporation, to advance its Code of Conducts and efficient operation, has made the decision to disclose the names and locations of supplier factories. In 2014, Apple Incorporation released the supplier’s responsibility report that was describing the standard responsibilities and theRead MoreChallenges Of The Global Business Environment1175 Words   |  5 PagesChallenges in the Global Business Environment Joseph D. Williams Dr. Stephanie Dunston Strayer University BUS 475 Business and Society 16 August 2016 Changes that Apple has made to its Code of Conduct Apple Incorporation, to advance its Code of Conducts and efficient operation, has made the decision to disclose the names and locations of supplier factories. In 2014, Apple Incorporation released the supplier’s responsibility report that was describing the standard responsibilities and the CompaniesRead MoreChallenges Facing Global Business Environment Essay1103 Words   |  5 PagesChallenges in the Global Business Environment Ongoing challenges in the global business environment are mostly attributed to unethical business practices, failure to embrace technology advancements, and intense competition among businesses. Apple Inc. is an example of a company that has faced challenges in the global business environment because of unethical business practices with regards to its suppliers’ compliance with the company’s code of conduct. Despite safety being one of the major componentsRead MoreChallenges in the Global Business Environment Essay1676 Words   |  7 PagesCHALLENGES IN THE GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT NATOSHA WHITAKER Strayer University Professor Cito Vanegas August 29, 2015 CHALLENGES IN THE GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT There has been no change to Apple Code of Conduct policy since 2014 when Apple started taking previous audit scores into consideration and conduct detailed risk assessments with There has been no change to Apple Code of Conduct policy since 2014 when Apple started taking previousRead MoreChallenges Of Growing Global Business Environment Essay1570 Words   |  7 Pagesquality, which also enhances a business’ competitive advantage in the market. Productivity improvement techniques and tools: To increase the productivity of manufacturing units different tools and techniques are available such as Just-In-Time (JIT),5S,Bottleneck Analysis, Jidoka (Autonomation), Kaizen (Continuous Improvement),PDCA (Plan, Do, Check, Act) and Root Cause Analysis. JUST IN TIME: In the present market scenario of growing global business environment, the main goal of all manufacturingRead MoreCommunication Process and Challenges in Global Business Environment1745 Words   |  7 PagesInstitute for International Management amp; Technology School of Management and Entrepreneurship ------------------------------------------------- BUSINESS COMMUNICATION Semester 1 2011-2012 Module Leader Ms. Kirti Bhatia Communication Process and Challenges In Global Busienss Environment Submitted By: Kanishk Matta Executive Summary In this report, generic form of communication process is described and types of communication are also there to help the reader getRead MoreCommunication Process and Challenges in Global Business Environment1751 Words   |  8 PagesInstitute for International Management amp; Technology School of Management and Entrepreneurship ------------------------------------------------- BUSINESS COMMUNICATION Semester 1 2011-2012 Module Leader Ms. Kirti Bhatia Communication Process and Challenges In Global Busienss Environment Submitted By: Kanishk Matta Executive Summary In this report, generic form of communication process is described and types of communication are also there to help the reader getRead MoreEssay on Assignment 2: Challenges in the Global Business Environment2250 Words   |  9 PagesAssignment 2: Challenges in the Global Business Environment Nitha Calixte Business and Society Professor Said June 1, 2016 Assignment 2: Challenges in the Global Business Environment Apple Inc. was founded in 1977. To date, this company has continually offered a wide range of products to meet the growing demands of customers all over the world. Apple not only produces and sells computer software and cellphones; they also distribute consumer electronic products around the globe. Increasing

Bipolar Disorder Is A Form Of Mental Illness Essay

What Is Bipolar Disorder? Bipolar disorder and also known as manic-depressive disorder or manic depression is a form of mental illness. A person affected by bipolar disorder has had at least one manic episode in his or her life. A manic episode is a period of abnormally elevated mood swings and high energy, accompanied by abnormal behavior that disrupts life. Most people with bipolar disorder also suffer from episodes of depression. Often, there is a pattern between mania and depression. This is where the term manic depression comes from. In between episodes of mania and depression, many people with bipolar disorder can live normal lives. What Is Bipolar Disorder? Bipolar disorder is a form of mental illness. Often in bipolar disorder, the up moods never reach full-blown mania. The less-intense elevated moods in bipolar disorder are called hypomania episodes. A person affected by bipolar disorder has had at least one hypomania episode in his or her life. Most people with bipolar disorder suffer more often from episodes of depression. In between episodes of hypomania and depression, many people with bipolar disorder live normal lives. Diagnosing bipolar disorder, doctors have come a long way in fully understanding different moods in bipolar disorder and in making an accurate diagnosis. It wasn’t that long ago when bipolar disorder was confused with other disorders such as bipolar depression or with schizophrenia, serious mental illness with symptoms of incoherentShow MoreRelatedBipolar Disorder ( Bipolar )847 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Bipolar Disorder† Bipolar Disorder is a mental illness, which involves hypomanic episodes, which are changes in someone’s usual mood. Originally, Bipolar Disorder was called manic depression because it does share similar symptoms with people diagnosed with depression. Bipolar Disorder is a severe condition because it can cause mania, which then causes hallucinations and paranoid rage. (Bipolar Disorder) Bipolar Disorder is classified into two categories, bipolar type 1 and bipolar type 2. BipolarRead MoreBipolar Disorder And Its Effects On The Human Mind987 Words   |  4 Pages Bipolar Disorder is a mental illness that has many effects on the human body and mind. It’s found in young adults and children as well. Statistics show that the disorder affects about four million people in the United States and is becoming one of the most common disabilities in the United States today. People with bipolar disorder undergo two types of mood swings: depression and mania. Those two are then divi ded into subcategories: Bipolar 1 Disorder, Bipolar 2 Disorder, and Cylothymia. This paperRead MoreAbstract. Effects Of Bipolar Can Be Far-Reaching, Both1413 Words   |  6 PagesEffects of bipolar can be far-reaching, both into the lives of patients and those around them. Bipolar affects work, school, relationships, physical health and many other aspects of everyday life. The most severe effect of bipolar disorder is suicide. Unfortunately, 25% - 50% of people with bipolar disorder attempt suicide and 11% commit suicide. Bipolar disorder is a mental illness known as a mood disorder. In mood disorders, the patient suffers from severe emotional states. In bipolar disorder, the patientRead MoreBipolar Is The Most Severe Form Of This Illness1561 Words   |  7 PagesPsychology Bipolar I Disorder December 4, 2015 â€Æ' Bipolar I Disorder Background There are a wide range of mental disorders, also know also mental illnesses. The conditions of them affect mood, thinking, and behavior. The most common types include major depressions, anxiety disorder, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, just to name a few. For this paper I am going to discuss and focus on bipolar I disorder being that it is the most severe form of this illness. Bipolar Disorder is a seriousRead MoreThe Stigma Associated With Bipolar Disorder1448 Words   |  6 PagesLiving with Bipolar Disorder The stigma associated with bipolar disorder is unacceptable. The purpose of this paper is to improve the readers ability to understand what bipolar disorder is and how being diagnosed with this disorder affects all facets of daily living. Family, friends and associates of individuals with bipolar disorder are often affected as well. As a result of the stigma associated with the disorder, the effects remain: often multiplied by individuals that have a limited understandingRead MoreThe Effects Of Post Traumatic Slave Syndrome1659 Words   |  7 Pagesof grown folks business† but, what if you were finally grown enough to join the conversation. While getting into a deep conversation with an old friend about your goods and your bads. You are told by the expert that mental illness for Caucasian people is schizophrenia and mental illness for African American people is Bipolarism. This shocks you because you never heard of this before. Then everything starts to make sense why in part icular some of us act, talk, think the way we do. Is the problems inRead MoreBipolar Disorder : A Mental Illness802 Words   |  4 PagesBipolar disorder is known to be a mental illness. A mental illness can be described as a number of things. When talking about bipolar disorder being a mental illness it is described as lacking certain area in the brain. There are two stages of bipolar disorders, Type one and Type two. Type one is more severe than type two. Bipolar disorders began approximately around in the nineteenth century. Bipolar disorder was founded and introduced by both Jean-Pierre Falret a French psychiatrist and Emil KraepeinRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Bipolar Disorder1458 Words   |  6 Pages There are millions of people around the world who are suffering from some type of mental illness. Many people in the United States suffer from various types of mental disabilities. Sadly, there are many people who aren’t aware they are suffering from illness and it may take them well into adulthood to be diagnosed correctly. One mental illness, a mood disorder called Bipolar Disorder, happens to be an illness that 1% of the population has been diagnosed with. It is equally found in both women andRead MoreBipolar Disorder1485 Words   |  6 PagesBipolar Disorder HCA/240 Toni Black Andrew Bertrand 11/21/2010 What is Bipolar Disorder? Bipolar disorder, is also known as manic-depressive illness, this is a brain disorder that causes unusual mood swings, energy levels are either up or down and your ability to function a normal everyday life would be a challenge to these individuals with this mental illness. The normal ups and downs that people experience who doesn’t have bipolar disorder is relatively different because withRead MoreBipolar Disorder And Schizophrenia Disorder1354 Words   |  6 Pagesher battle with manic-depressive disorder, otherwise known as bipolar disorder. This memoir gave an intelligent perspective of the emotional battle people face when dealing with bipolar disorder, as well as an understanding on the reality and nature of this illness. This book follows very closely to the research based on bipolar disorder, which gave a good informational perspective as well as emotional insight. Through reading this book, articles on bipolar disorder, and research it gave a powerful

Interview Analysis for Humanities Free Essays

Steven Paul â€Å"Steve† Jobs was an American entrepreneur and inventor, best known as the co-founder, chairman, and CEO of Apple Inc. Steve Jobs changed the world in technology as we all know and love. This interview is an information gathering type interview as the interviewer is gathering information on Steve Jobs and why he thinks his machine will change the future. We will write a custom essay sample on Interview Analysis for Humanities or any similar topic only for you Order Now I can also say that this interview is also a research interview as the interview provides helpful information to individuals and organizations that they can use to perform effectively based off of the time and era. This interview can still be used today. The interview provided regarding Steve Jobs is a research interview and information gathering interview because of the following purposes of the information gathering interview: 1. To gather information about a job or career area you are considering, so that you can make a sound decision as to whether or not you wish to pursue that career path; 2. To seek advice regarding how you can best prepare to enter or advance in this field/profession; 3. To ask your interviewee for assistance entering or advancing in the field/profession after you have determined that you actually wish to do so; and 4. To request referrals from the interviewee to others in the field/profession that might be valuable contacts for your career search Informational Interviews are a great source for gathering information about an occupation or an industry in which you are currently interested. It is ood to gather information about a job or career area you are considering so, that you can make a sound decision as to whether or not you wish to pursue that career path. For example, I am interested in technology/telecommunications. In choosing an interview to analyze, I wanted to find a role model that I have admired among the years. I chose Steve Jobs because I felt like he was the appropriate figure to obtain information on when it comes to technology. Here are some other key points of an informative interview: * Information interviewing is one of the most effective networking tools * An information interview will give you the awareness you need to choose or refine a career path, learn how to break in and find out if you have what it takes to succeed * It is a meeting that you arrange and lead, asking key questions to working professionals in your field * It gives you a chance to get the â€Å"inside scoop† by actually talking to people in that field * An Information Interview can help you decide which companies or work environments are the best fit for you * Although an information interview is not a job interview, it can help you cultivate your personal contacts and generate or learn of job leads In this interview, what do you think Steve Jobs purpose was? Do you think he was setting himself up for the success of his company? Do you think he knew he was going to become successful. I understand that the interviewees main goal was to find out how Steve Jobs machine was so different however, I felt as if I was there in the room with them understanding and gaining insight on what is to become of the future and technology. I wanted to ask some questions. In the interview chosen, Steve Jobs is conducting an interview regarding â€Å"the machine that change the world. † He is providing his explanation on how his machine is different from the others and how his machine through IBM will change the future. In the content of his message, he is providing detailed explanations as well as telling the who, what, when, and why, he thinks this will change the future. The interview is very informative because Mr. Jobs is fascinated about his project. In the content of his message, he delivers and answers all of the interviewers question with ease. He explains his creation in detail with detailed answers so, the interviewer can understand how well the machine will be efficient. The content of this message can help any business believe in what they are creating or providing. I think that this is what Steve Jobs was trying to accomplish. He wanted to ensure that his audience was in tune with what he believed in. Do you think that Steve jobs posture and tone helped with his presentation? Do you think the way he dressed also played a part of the influence of his audience? These are questions that I asked myself when analyzing the interview as this is a part of the questions needed to ask to ensure that an informative interview is being conducted. As this analysis comes to a close, I would like to go over some do’s and don’ts of informative interviews. Please pay close attention as, I learned this information from Steve Jobs (smile): Before your interview: * When requesting a meeting, explain how you got their names and what you’d like to discuss. * Send a resume. * Confirm the meeting time, and keep it to 30 minutes. During your interview: * Do NOT ask for a job. * Listen carefully, and don’t argue. * Ask for additional contact names, but do not push if the person declines to provide any. * Don’t overextend your welcome, unless the other person invites you to stay past your meeting time. After your interview: * Send a handwritten thank-you note. Keep the person posted on your progress, such as meetings with his or her contacts, where you apply, and where you are accepted. * As soon as you begin graduate business school, send an announcement to your network with your new address, the course o f study you are planning, and the type of internship you hope to obtain. In conclusion, you can gain a lot of knowledge from conducting an informative interview or information gathering interview. Steve Jobs presented a fine show as well as his interviewer because they really demonstrated how to conduct an informative interview. Hopefully, one day I will be in the spotlight to accomplish the same except, I will be in the same spot Steve Jobs was. References 1. http://www.careerbuilder.com/Article/CB-481-Getting-Ahead-How-Does-an-Informational-Interview-Work 2. http://shiftingcareers.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/01/29/mastering-the-informational-interview/ 3. http://jobsearch.about.com/cs/infointerviews/a/infointerview.htm 4. http://www.quintcareers.com/informational_interviewing.html How to cite Interview Analysis for Humanities, Papers

Analysis Of Business Law TPG’s Advertising - Click to Get Solution

Questions: 1. Briefly describe the nature of TPGs advertising which caused ACCC to bring these proceedings. 2. What statutory provisions did ACCC allege that TPGs advertising contravened. 3. What were the findings (conclusions) of the primary judge about the following aspects of the advertising. i. bundling.ii. the set up fee.iii. single price. 4. What were the differences in principle between the approach of the Full Court and the approach of the primary judge in evaluating whether the TPG advertising was misleading? 5. The High Court concluded that the approach taken by the Full Court was not correct. For what reason or reasons did the High Court come to this conclusion? 6. The Full Court, in coming to its conclusions, applied as a precedent the ratio in a case called Parkdale Custom Built Furniture v Puxu (Puxu). The High Court said that the Full Court wrongly applied the principle in Puxu. Explain why the High Court thought Puxu was not a proper precedent to apply to the TPG advertising. 7. What did the High Court have to say about the dominant message approach? 8. What did the High Court say about the assumed level of knowledge in TPGs target audience? 9. Is an intention to mislead essential for advertising to be misleading? Explain what the High Court thought about this. 10. If you were employed in the marketing section of an internet service provider or a fitness centre which was about to launch an advertising campaign promoting an attractive plan for membership in which there were several parts (costs and benefits) to be taken into account by potential customers, what advice would you give about the format of the advertising, based on your understanding of the High Courts ruling in ACCC v TPG? Answers: The nature of TPGs advertising that caused ACCC to commence the proceedings The TPG Internet Pty Ltd ("TPG") was involved in a multimedia advertising campaign where they primarily indulged in an offer to the consumers of giving an attractive price for ADSL2+ service. The service was basically involved in using the home telephone of the consumer to give a broadband service without any download data limit. 1. The advertisement prominently displayed that the company would supply a internet ADSL2+ service for $29.99 per month. 2. The advertisement in an ambiguous and less clearly stated that the offer was available when bundled with home telephone provided by TPG for $30.00 per month. 3. Additionally, the consumers also were required to pay a setup fee of $129.95 and a deposit of $20.00 for telephone charges. 4. These advertisements were considered misleading and deceptive by the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. The Statutory Provisions contravened by the company A number of statutory provisions were considered to be contravened by the TPG Company. 1. Section 52 of the Trade Practices Act 1974, was contravened which stated that in trade or commerce no corporation should engage in conduct that is misleading or deceptive. 2. Section 53 of the Trade Practices Act 1974, was contravened which stated that no corporation is permitted to make false or misleading representation regarding the price of goods or the exclusion or effect of any condition, warranty or guarantee or any right. The findings of the Primary Judge 1. With regard to the bundling condition, the primary judge stated that the condition needed to be more clear and prominent in order to clear the misleading impression in the message. He further stated that since the target audience was the first time users it was likely that they would rely on the dominant message of the advertisement hence creating a misleading impression. 2. With regard to the setup fees the primary judge stated that the advertisements did not specify clearly the further fees that were required in the broadband service. 3. Regarding the single price, the primary judge opined that in accordance to the section 53C (1) (c) of the TPA, the single price of $509.89 was not prominent in the advertisement. The differences in principle between the approach of the Full Court and the approach of the primary judge The judgment of the Full Court differed significantly from the approach of the primary judge in this case. In contrast to the decision of the primary judge the Full Court held a different view with regard to the dominant message given in the advertisements. 1. The court held that the messages assisted in determining whether they were to be considered to be misleading. Nevertheless, the conduct that is being complained of comprises of a number of words and according to the opinion of the court it would not be right to select some words and ignore the rest since they give meaning to those words. 2. The Full Court further disagreed with the view of the primary judge and stated that the advertisements were not misleading since the bundling condition cannot be missed by viewing it perfunctorily. Further it was stated that any reasonable and ordinary man would make an idea that the services that is offered would come as a bundle. The High Courts opinion of the approach taken by the Full Court 1. The opinion of the High Court was that the Full Court had erred in the judgment by holding the primary judge wrong. With regard to the dominant message given in the advertisements, the message is extremely crucial. 2. The High Court stated that the statements of the Full Court with regard to the opinion of the CJ Gibbs in the case of Puxu were not decisive and not appropriately applicable in accordance to the circumstances of the case. 3. The High Court further stated that the Full Court also further erred as it did not appreciate the advertisement tendency of the company was neutralized by the attribution of the knowledge of the Court with regard to the target audience about the services of ADSL2+ being offered as a bundle. Puxu was not a proper precedent to apply to the TPG advertising according to the High Court In the case of Puxu, the claim on misleading conduct depended on the selling of goods by the appellant that was virtually identical to the ones sold by the respondent. 1. The High Court did not accept this precedent as proper since primarily the target audiences were not potential purchasers with a focus on the subject matter if the purchase. 2. Further it was opined by the High Court that the Full Court failed to identify the advertisement tendency was to mislead by asking whether they were appropriate to bring into negotiation with TPG rather than with one of the competitors based on the belief on the general trust of the message. 3. The High Court further stated that the case was not regarding the tendency of the TPG's advertisements to mislead the customers arising due to the disposition of the target audience that is independent of the conduct of TPG in order to follow closely the wordings in the advertisements. The approach of the High Court regarding the dominant message With regard to the dominant message the High Court stated that the primary issue in the given case is not whether the advertisement fine print was enough to dismiss the dominant message that is conveyed in the headline. Instead the High Court stated that the question was related to the ordinary or the possible consumers of the internet services. The essential question was that whether these potential consumers who are looking at the whole advertisement with a clear mind would probably form an impression of what was being advertised was a separate broadband internet service for a separate price of $29.99 per month. The assumed level of knowledge in TPGs target audience With regard to the assumed level of knowledge of the target audience the High court opinion was similar to the opinion of the primary judge. 1. The opinion of the High Court was that even though the users of ADSL2+ were more knowledgeable about these services the 1+ users were not that knowledgeable to that extent. 2. Further this also did not imply that the ordinary or reasonable consumer will have that amount of knowledge. According to the High Court is intention essential for the advertising to be misleading 1. With regard to the intention of the company to mislead the High Court opined that the intention to mislead is not considered as an element of the contravention charges against the company. Also there is not suggestion of such intention in this case. 2. Nevertheless, the High Court also states that there is no argument regarding the fact that the company did have an intention to create an impression in the mind of the potential consumers about the attractiveness of the offer. Advise based on the understanding of the High Court ruling After the ruling of the High Court in the given case, the probable advice to be given for the advertising format is that when preparing an advertisement it is necessary to make prominent and clear all the clauses of the services in the advertisement. All offers and payment information should be given equal weight age in order to avoid any deception.

Quaid-e-Azams Daughter Dina Wadia Essay Example

Quaid-e-Azams Daughter: Dina Wadia Paper Dina Wadia (born Dina Jinnah August 15, 1919) is the daughter of Quaid e Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the Founder of Pakistan. Contents [hide] 1 Early life 2 Rift with her father 3 Jinnah mansion dispute 4 Present times 5 Bibliographic references 6 External links Early life[edit] See also: Jinnah family Dina was born in London shortly after midnight on the morning of August 15, 1919. Jinnah was raised as a Muslim, reading the Holy book Quran from her aunt Fatima Jinnah. [l] She is the daughter of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the step daughter of Emibai Jinnah and the niece of Fatima Jinnah and Shireen Jinnah. Stanley Wolperts Jinnah of Pakistan records: that Her premature arrival was unexpected†her parents were at the theatre, but were obliged to leave their box hurriedly. She was a dark-eyed beauty, lithe and winsome. She had her mothers smile and was pert or petulant as only an adored. According to Wolpert, referring to Jinnahs time in London in 1930-33, Dina was [Jinnahs] sole comfort, but Dina was away at school most of the time and home only for brief times, yet still the pampered daughter could be a Joy to her doting father. He had two dogs, one formidable black Doberman, the other a white West Highland Terrier. We will write a custom essay sample on Quaid-e-Azams Daughter: Dina Wadia specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Quaid-e-Azams Daughter: Dina Wadia specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Quaid-e-Azams Daughter: Dina Wadia specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In November 1932, Jinnah read H. C. Armstrongs biography of Kemal Atatrk, Grey Wolf, and seemed to have found his own reflection in the story of Turkeys great modernist leader. It was all he talked about for a while at home, even to Dina, who consequently nicknamed him Grey Wolf. Being only thirteen, her way of pestering him to take her to High Road to see Punch and Judy was, Come on, Grey Wolf, take me to a pantomime; after all, I am on my holidays. [Wolpert] Rift with her father[edit] Dinas relationship with her father became strained when Dina expressed her desire o marry a Parsi-born Indian Neville Wadia. Jinnah, a Muslim, tried to dissuade her, but failed. Mahommedali Currim Chagla, who was Jinnahs assistant at the time, recalls: Jinnah, in his usual imperious manner, told her that there were millions of Muslim boys in India, and she could have anyone she chose. Reminding her father that his wife (Dinas mother Rattanbai), had also been a non-Muslim, a Parsi also coincidently, the young lady replied: Father, there were millions of Muslim girls in India. Why did you not marry one of them? And he replied that, She became a Muslim'. It is said (by Jinnahs associate M C Chagla in Roses in December) that more. It has not been corroborated by any other source. Jinnah allegedly disowned her and the father-daughter relationship became extremely formal after she married. But the legal notice of disowning never came, which is essential for such purposes. They did correspond, but he addressed her formally as Mrs. Wadia. Dina and Neville lived in Mumbai and had two children, a boy and a girl. Dinas son Nusli Wadia became a Christian, but converted back to Zoroastrianism and settled in the ndustrially wealthy Parsi community of Mumbai. Dina did not travel to Pakistan until her fathers funeral in Karachi in September 1948. Their relationship is a matter of legal conjecture and hair splitting as Pakistani laws allow for a person to be disinherited for violating Islamic rules (in this case by a Muslim woman marrying a non-Muslim), hence no claim on the Pakistani properties of Jinnah, and Indian laws recognizing religions traditional succession rules to operate. Jinnah mansion dispute[edit] After Jinnah returned to Mumbai from England to take charge of the Muslim League, e built himself a palatial mansion South Court (Jinnah House) in Mumbai, which became his residence during the politically momentous decade preceding the creation of Pakistan. The house was designed by Claude Batley, a British architect, and was built in 1936 at a total cost of Rs. 200,000/-. The 2. 5 acre (10,000 m2) property, South Court, overlooking the sea and located at 2, Bhausaheb Hirey Marg (then Mount Pleasant Road), Malabar Hill, is in Mumbais most expensive real estate. In 1948, it was leased to the British Deputy High Commission which occupied it till 1982. Successive Pakistans Government have often expressed deep interest in acquiring the property free of charge for sentimental reasons. During his visit to India, President Pervez Musharraf had renewed Pakistans claim to the house which the president had suggested to Indian Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee should be given to Pakistan so that it could be turned into a consulate. However, this came to naught: Dina Wadia who lived in New York, wrote to the Indian prime minister demanding that the house on the Malabar Hill, now worth $60 million, be handed over to her. itation needed] Through her counsel, she has argued that Muslim Law for inheritance did not apply to her father Jinnah, a Khoja Shia but instead Hindu customary law applied, as ruled by the Supreme Court of India in previous cases. [2] Present times[edit] See also: Wadia family In March 2004, Dina came to Lahore, Pakistan to watch a cricket match between Pakistan and India. She considered cricket diplomacy to be an enthralling dimension that illustrated an entirely new phase in relations between India and Pakistan. But she and her son Nusli Wadia chose not to share their thoughts with the ublic on what was certainly a highly emotional encounter. Dina had not traveled to Pakistan since her fathers funeral in September 1948. A great sense of drama was embedded in an old womans visit, as a foreigner, to a country that was founded by her father. Dina, her son Nusli Wadia and grandsons Ness Wadia and Jehangir Wadia visited the mausoleum of her father to pay homage. She also visited the museum father. In the visitors book, Dina wrote: This has been very sad and wonderful for me. May his dream for Pakistan come true. This would appear to be a very ppropriate summation of a life-experience that is essentially inexplicable. Reports said that she asked for copies of three pictures she saw in the mausoleums antiquities room. In one picture, she is standing with her father and aunt, Fatima Jinnah. The other is a painting of her mother, Maryam Jinnah. In the third, her father is dictating a letter, showing Mohammad Ali Jinnahs political persona. She also went to the tomb of Madar-e-Millat Fatima Jinnah to pay respects to her aunt and Flagstaff House Pakistan to host the flag of Pakistan and her fathers house Wazir Mansion. [3]

Introduction to Post-Roman Britain

Introduction to Post-Roman Britain In response to a request for military assistance in 410, Emperor Honorius told the British people they would have to defend themselves. The occupation of Britain by Roman forces had come to an end. The next 200 years are the least well-documented in the recorded history of Britain. Historians must turn to archaeological finds to glean an understanding of life in this time period; but unfortunately, without documentary evidence to provide names, dates, and the details of political events, the discoveries can only offer a general, and theoretical, picture. Still, by piecing together archaeological evidence, documents from the continent, monument inscriptions, and the few contemporary chronicles such as the works of Saint Patrick and Gildas, scholars have gained a general understanding of the time period as set forth here. The Map of Roman Britain in 410 shown here is available in a larger version. The People of Post-Roman Britain The inhabitants of Britain were at this time somewhat Romanized, especially in urban centers; but by blood and by tradition they were primarily Celtic. Under the Romans, local chieftains had played an active role in the government of the territory, and some of these leaders took up the reigns now that the Roman officials were gone. Nevertheless, cities began to deteriorate, and the population of the entire island may have declined, in spite of the fact that immigrants from the continent were settling along the east coast. Most of these new inhabitants were from Germanic tribes; the one most often mentioned is Saxon. Religion in Post-Roman Britain The Germanic newcomers worshipped pagan gods, but because Christianity had become the favored religion in the empire in the preceding century, most Britons were Christian. However, many British Christians followed the teachings of their fellow Briton Pelagius, whose views on original sin were condemned by the Church in 416, and whose brand of Christianity was therefore considered heretical. In 429, Saint Germanus of Auxerre visited Britain to preach the accepted version of Christianity to the followers of Pelagius. (This is one of the few events for which scholars have corroborating documentary evidence from records on the continent.) His arguments were well-received, and he is even believed to have helped fend off an attack by Saxons and Picts. Life in Post-Roman Britain The official withdrawal of Roman protection did not mean that Britain immediately succumbed to invaders. Somehow, the threat in 410 was kept at bay. Whether this was because some Roman soldiers stayed behind or the Britons themselves took up arms is undetermined. Nor did the British economy collapse. Although no new coinage was issued in Britain, coins stayed in circulation for at least a century (though they were ultimately debased); at the same time, barter became more common, and a mixture of the two characterized 5th-century trade. Tin mining appears to have continued through the post-Roman era, possibly with little or no interruption. Salt production also continued for some time, as did metal-working, leather-working, weaving, and the production of jewelry. Luxury goods were even imported from the continent an activity that actually increased in the late fifth century. The hill-forts that had originated centuries before showing archaeological evidence of occupancy in the fifth and sixth centuries, suggesting they were used to evade and hold off invading tribes. Post-Roman Britons are believed to have built timber halls, which would not have withstood the centuries as well as the stone structures of the Roman period, but which would have been habitable and even comfortable when they were first constructed. Villas remained inhabited, at least for a while, and were run by wealthier or more powerful individuals and their servants, be they slave or free. Tenant farmers also worked the land to survive. Life in Post-Roman Britain couldnt have been easy and carefree, but the Romano-British way of life survived, and the Britons flourished with it. Continued on page two: British Leadership. British Leadership If there had been any remnants of centralized government in the wake of the Roman withdrawal, it rapidly dissolved into rival factions. Then, in about 425, one leader achieved enough control to declare himself High King of Britain: Vortigern. Although Vortigern did not govern the entire territory, he did defend against invasion, particularly against attacks by Scots and Picts from the north. According to the sixth-century chronicler Gildas, Vortigern invited Saxon warriors to help him fight the northern invaders, in return for which he granted them land in what is today Sussex. Later sources would identify the leaders of these warriors as the brothers Hengist and Horsa. Hiring Barbarian mercenaries was a common Roman imperial practice, as was paying them with the land; but Vortigern was remembered bitterly for making a significant Saxon presence in England possible. The Saxons rebelled in the early 440s, eventually killing Vortigerns son and exacting more land from the British leader. Instability and Conflict Archaeological evidence indicates that fairly frequent military actions occurred across England over the rest of the fifth century. Gildas, who was born at the end of this period, reports that a series of battles took place between the native Britons and the Saxons, whom he calls a race hateful both to God and men. The successes of the invaders pushed some of the Britons west to the mountains, precipices, thickly wooded forests, and to the rocks of the seas (in present-day Wales and Cornwall); others passed beyond the seas with loud lamentations (to present-day Brittany in western France). It is Gildas who named Ambrosius Aurelianus, a military commander of Roman extraction, as leading a resistance against the Germanic warriors and seeing some success. He does not provide a date, but he does give the reader some sense that at least a few years of strife against the Saxons had passed since the defeat of Vortigern before Aurelianus began his fight. Most historians place his activity from about 455 to the 480s. A Legendary Battle Both the Britons and the Saxons had their share of triumphs and tragedies until the British victory at the Battle of Mount Badon (Mons Badonicus), a.k.a. Badon Hill (sometimes translated as Bath-hill), which Gildas states took place in the year of his birth. Unfortunately, there is no record of the writers birth date, so estimates of this battle have ranged from as early as the 480s to as late as 516 (as recorded centuries later in the Annales Cambriae). Most scholars agree it occurred close to the year 500. There is also no scholarly consensus for where the battle took place since there was no Badon Hill in Britain in the following centuries. And, while many theories have been put forward as to the identity of the commanders, there is no information in contemporary or even near-contemporary sources to corroborate these theories. Some scholars have speculated that Ambrosius Aurelianus led the Britons, and this is indeed possible; but if it were true, it would require a reconfiguration of the dates of his activity, or an acceptance of an exceptionally long military career. And Gildas, whose work is the sole written source for Aurelianus as commander of the Britons, does not name him explicitly, or even refer to him vaguely, as the victor at Mount Badon. A Short Peace The Battle of Mount Badon is important because it marked the end of the conflict of the late fifth century, and ushered in an era of relative peace. It is during this time the mid-6th century that Gildas wrote the work that gives scholars most of the details they have about the late fifth century: the De Excidio Britanniae (On the Ruin of Britain). In the De Excidio Britanniae, Gildas told of the past troubles of the Britons and acknowledged the current peace they enjoyed. He also took his fellow Britons to task for cowardice, foolishness, corruption, and civil unrest. There is no hint in his writings of the fresh Saxon invasions that awaited Britain in the last half of the sixth century, other than, perhaps, a general sense of doom brought on by his bewailing of the latest generation of know-nothings and do-nothings. Continued on page three: The Age of Arthur? In response to a request for military assistance in 410, Emperor Honorius told the British people they would have to defend themselves. The occupation of Britain by Roman forces had come to an end. The next 200 years are the least well-documented in the recorded history of Britain. Historians must turn to archaeological finds to glean an understanding of life in this time period; but unfortunately, without documentary evidence to provide names, dates, and the details of political events, the discoveries can only offer a general, and theoretical, picture. Still, by piecing together archaeological evidence, documents from the continent, monument inscriptions, and the few contemporary chronicles such as the works of Saint Patrick and Gildas, scholars have gained a general understanding of the time period as set forth here. The Map of Roman Britain in 410 shown here is available in a larger version. The People of Post-Roman Britain The inhabitants of Britain were at this time somewhat Romanized, especially in urban centers; but by blood and by tradition they were primarily Celtic. Under the Romans, local chieftains had played an active role in the government of the territory, and some of these leaders took up the reigns now that the Roman officials were gone. Nevertheless, cities began to deteriorate, and the population of the entire island may have declined, in spite of the fact that immigrants from the continent were settling along the east coast. Most of these new inhabitants were from Germanic tribes; the one most often mentioned is Saxon. Religion in Post-Roman Britain The Germanic newcomers worshipped pagan gods, but because Christianity had become the favored religion in the empire in the preceding century, most Britons were Christian. However, many British Christians followed the teachings of their fellow Briton Pelagius, whose views on original sin were condemned by the Church in 416, and whose brand of Christianity was therefore considered heretical. In 429, Saint Germanus of Auxerre visited Britain to preach the accepted version of Christianity to the followers of Pelagius. (This is one of the few events for which scholars have corroborating documentary evidence from records on the continent.) His arguments were well-received, and he is even believed to have helped fend off an attack by Saxons and Picts. Life in Post-Roman Britain The official withdrawal of Roman protection did not mean that Britain immediately succumbed to invaders. Somehow, the threat in 410 was kept at bay. Whether this was because some Roman soldiers stayed behind or the Britons themselves took up arms is undetermined. Nor did the British economy collapse. Although no new coinage was issued in Britain, coins stayed in circulation for at least a century (though they were ultimately debased); at the same time, barter became more common, and a mixture of the two characterized 5th-century trade. Tin mining appears to have continued through the post-Roman era, possibly with little or no interruption. Salt production also continued for some time, as did metal-working, leather-working, weaving, and the production of jewelry. Luxury goods were even imported from the continent an activity that actually increased in the late fifth century. The hill-forts that had originated centuries before showing archaeological evidence of occupancy in the fifth and sixth centuries, suggesting they were used to evade and hold off invading tribes. Post-Roman Britons are believed to have built timber halls, which would not have withstood the centuries as well as the stone structures of the Roman period, but which would have been habitable and even comfortable when they were first constructed. Villas remained inhabited, at least for a while, and were run by wealthier or more powerful individuals and their servants, be they slave or free. Tenant farmers also worked the land to survive. Life in Post-Roman Britain couldnt have been easy and carefree, but the Romano-British way of life survived, and the Britons flourished with it. Continued on page two: British Leadership.

State Aid Cases Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

State Aid Cases - Essay Example State aid is composed of four components which are vital for it to be considered a state aid. A state aid must be granted by the member state or through its state resources with regard to stated rules. It can be delegated to the department of state like the municipalities or even the regions of the state. The undertakings of state aid are made public since it’s considered imputable to the state due to the state resources involved. The undertaking of state aid is done in favor of certain production of goods and services due to its selective advantage. Thus, the recipient of state aid is to solve an economic activity thus enhancing the provision of goods and services despite its legal framework. The state aid rules apply to both private and public undertakings weather its run for profit or not. Mandate of the commission on state aid The state aid procedure is developed to ensure smooth and orderly operations of thus avoiding several state aid cases which are likely to come up (E U, 2012). According to EU working paper, the state aid measures and schemes must be notified and approved by the commission before its commencement. The commission the looks at the guidelines and considers its effects before approval. The commission is thus mandated to oversee the adherence of the state aid undertakings with the rules so as to minimize conflicts as possible (Salmon, 2012). Any state aid done without the approval of the commission is considered unlawful and may be recovered without notice. The commission always approves the state aid measures within a period of two months from the period of notification (Salmon, 2012). The commission is mandated to decide whether a measure is aided or not or whether it is added but compatible with market forces and also to investigate the effects of the market forces. The commission is mandated to begin an investigation procedure and carry out an assessment as to determine possible grounds of compatibility. The commission less restri cted with when it comes to investigations and thus able to carry out investigations any time it deems appropriate. The final commission decision closes its formal investigation and it then makes recommendations regarding its findings. The commission recommends whether a measure is an aid and if its aid, the commission determines if it’s compatible with the market forces (Salmon, 2012). Competition Policy in EU. The experience of the global financial crisis of 2008 and is reinforcing a need for dialogue between the policy makers and the relevant stakeholders (ERT, 2012). Its recommendations are to provide better conditions for growth and investments thus promoting entrepreneurship and job creation. It calls for the need to address the effects of globalization, technological changes as well as emerging economic powers that pose challenge societies face. The EU competition policy is crucial to the internal market since it determines the pattern of investment and the levels of pr ofits to be made from businesses (ERT, 2012). The policy aims at preventing jeopardy in the market especially in times of economic crisis and thus ensuring stability in the market. The adoption of EU competition policy ensures a fair competition in the global scale and thus ultimately benefiting both the producers’

The Influence of Internet Marketing on the Effectiveness Dissertation

The Influence of Internet Marketing on the Effectiveness - Dissertation Example Review of Related Literature Introduction One of the most relevant developments over the past years has been the progress exemplified by the Internet with which Internet adoption has significantly increased for marketing activities and opportunities. The Internet allows individuals to exchange ideas, send e-mails, shop for products, have access to news, and obtain business information (Armstrong and Kotler 2000). Internet usage for marketing increases the availability of information compared to conventional forms of media (e.g. TV, radio, print) with a moderately low cost for entry. Consumers are able to access the Internet and search for products, and purchase these at any given time, thus increased convenience. When companies are capable of offering convenience to its customers, such as through certain individualized customer services, they will eventually result to the increase of value offered by businesses and enable customers to experienced increased levels of satisfaction (Tsiotsou and Vlachopoulou 2010). Internet usa ge is also a cost-effective means of carrying out marketing operations as it can result to a reduced requirement for sales force members. On the whole, using the Internet to support marketing activities can lead to the expansion of businesses, from local to national/international markets, thus increased opportunities for growth. The following sections will then look into SMEs and their experience with the integration of Internet in their marketing operations. Internet and Marketing Activities in SMEs ... To determine the impact of Internet usage on marketing activities of SMEs. Review of Related Literature Introduction One of the most relevant developments over the past years has been the progress exemplified by the Internet with which Internet adoption has significantly increased for marketing activities and opportunities. The Internet allows individuals to exchange ideas, send e-mails, shop for products, have access to news, and obtain business information (Armstrong and Kotler 2000). Internet usage for marketing increases the availability of information compared to conventional forms of media (e.g. TV, radio, print) with a moderately low cost for entry. Consumers are able to access the Internet and search for products, and purchase these at any given time, thus increased convenience. When companies are capable of offering convenience to its customers, such as through certain individualized customer services, they will eventually result to the increase of value offered by businesse s and enable customers to experienced increased levels of satisfaction (Tsiotsou and Vlachopoulou 2010). Internet usage is also a cost-effective means of carrying out marketing operations as it can result to a reduced requirement for sales force members. On the whole, using the Internet to support marketing activities can lead to the expansion of businesses, from local to national/international markets, thus increased opportunities for growth. The following sections will then look into SMEs and their experience with the integration of Internet in their marketing operations. Internet and Marketing Activities in SMEs The technologies that the Internet has integrated into businesses have enhanced the

Qualities and Types of Social Anthropology

Qualities and Types of Social Anthropology Introduction Social anthropology is the field of anthropology that studies how living human beings behave in social groups. This essay seeks to explore the history, meaning and essential qualities of social anthropology which distinguish it from other branches of anthropology. In the UK, anthropology is usually primarily concerned with the study of culture. This area is termed social anthropology and it is this designation which is used in England, and to some extent in America, to assign an area of a larger subject of anthropology, the study of humanity from a number of viewpoints. In England social anthropology was only introduced and studied relatively recently during the later decades of the nineteenth century. It became widely recognised as a discipline later on and it has been taught under that name since. However, its academic base goes back further. E. E. Evans-Pritchard, (2004) The beginnings of social anthropology lay in the nineteenth century. Examining its roots, we can see an early definition of culture from one of the pioneers of of social anthropology. Sir Edward Burnett Taylor (2 October 1832 2 January 1917), an English anthropologist, defined the term culture as, that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society. Evans Pritchard, (2004) Subsequent study has led anthropologists to determine that culture is not innate, rather it is learned by a person from family and society. Therefore, it does not have any genetic connection, because even if a person is brought up in a culture different from that in which he was born, he absorbs the culture of the society later on. It has also been observed that people also feel the need to follow their beliefs and traditions of their own culture in adulthood, even though they might not agree with certain belief s in it. Edmund Ronald Leach, (1982) The refinement of theories of culture which are used today owes much to the work of the founders of the subject. However, social anthropology was also a product of its time; it was formulated at the time European societies had empires. Despite the fact there has been much controversial argument about the ways colonialism may have influenced anthropological study, at least one of the main aims of a foremost creator of the discipline stays vital to current anthropology study: the comparative study of the different forms of human social life and cultural experience. Evans Pritchard, (2004). From its early days, social anthropology has become an international discipline studied in universities around the world. There are differences globally in the study of social anthropology. For example, in America social anthropology is referred to as either ethnology or sociology. E. E. Evans-Pritchard, (2004). In general, the United States displays a different approach to anthropology. Anthropology in North America is concerned with the study of human difference and adaptability. It is usually divided into four groups: biological (physical) anthropology, archaeological anthropology, linguistic anthropology Cultural anthropology. Insa Nolte (2010) I believe it is important to have a look at each subfield as each of them emphasise a different definition of anthropology and stress various approaches to this vast subject. This will demonstrate that the subject is not as what we know and study in the UK, but what the US, and due to its large postgraduate education programmes and cultural influence, a large portion of the global academic community sees the subject of anthropology. Biological or physical anthropology Biological Anthropology is an approach to evolution and adaptationof humanity. It seeks to compare humans and animals to understand human unlikeness and biological cohesion; examines comparative data across time to explain the evolutionary history of hominines over the last 5 million years; explores difference in human development and health, and the mechanisms that influence contemporary and historical population differences; and examines individual attitude in terms of evolution and adaptation and its intellectual blueprint. Angela P. Cheater, (1989) Archaeological Anthropology Archaeological anthropology is the study of ancient human societies through their physical remains and environment. It deals with the time during which humans built up their patterns of behaviour. It aims to make over the nature and development of specific societies and explain the difference that happened among past societies. Angela P. Cheater, (1989) Linguistic Anthropology Linguistic anthropology is a branch of anthropology which is concentrating on relation between language and culture and the place of language in the wider social and cultural framework. Angela P. Cheater (1989) Cultural anthropology Cultural Anthropology is a method of studying worldwide cultures by observation and cultural group comparison (e.g. Japan and England). Fieldwork is conducted on cultures around the world. A societys social and context environment is examined in an observational and participatory study. Key questions in cultural anthropology include: How are we different or similar? However, the philosophy is to go above ethnocentrism, the superficial belief that one culture is better than others. When each societys balance and structure is considered, rules of moral care and patterns of social co-operation are examined in their own socio-cultural context, which provide meaning to what an outsider may otherwise consider to be strange. This practice of cultural relativism stresses that there are no better or lower cultures; all cultures are meaningful in their own context. M. Fortes, (2003) The approach and classification of anthropology in the United States shows that the subject is a product of the culture and societies in which it is studied, just as social anthropology in the late nineteenth century owed its outlook to colonial attitudes in society. Further evidence of varying interpretations can be found in Mexico where archaeology is the term given to what we call social anthropology in England. Generally it is difficult to explain what anthropology is about and what anthropologists do due to the different interpretations of the subject. However, what social anthropologists share is an interest in different ways people have of looking at the world they live in. These different ways are not individual character, but different views of the world learned as people grow up in different societies. Angela P. Cheater, (1989) Conclusion The world we live in today has changed since the nineteenth century and anthropology has changed with it. Distances between human beings have reduced due to the ease of communication, transport, advances in technology and migration. As Leach states, Globalisation does not seem to be making the world we live in less culturally assorted. Whether we study anthropology, with its various definitions, in Britain or elsewhere, the study of different ways of living and seeing the world appear just as important as ever, if not more so. Edmund Ronald Leach, (1982) References: Evans Pritchard (2004) Social anthropology p43, London. Evans Pritchard (2004) Social anthropology p45, London Edmund Ronald Leach (1982), Social anthropology p 203-205 Insa Nolte (2010) Lecture notes Angela P. Cheater (1989) Social anthropology an alternative introduction p 205-206(2), New York. Angela P. Cheater (1989) Social anthropology an alternative introduction p 210-213 (2), New York. Angela P. Cheater (1989) Social anthropology an alternative introduction p 303(2), New York. M. Fortes, Social anthropology at Cambridge since 1990 (2003), p 10-13, University press of Cambridge Angela P. Cheater (1989) Social anthropology an alternative introduction p 305-307(2), University of Cambridge press.

The Teaching of Saint Gregory Essay -- Christology, God, Creation

A. â€Å"The Teaching of Saint Gregory† contains many theologically concepts as God and Creation, Christology, human Sin and salvation, eschatology and resurrection. Owing to the limited space, I will only explore some key elements which I think are worthy to be discussed. First, Gregory depicts the God’s attributes – it begins with the faith of Trinity- God created the world and humankind, the Son saved humankind and the Spirit sustained the world (259, 263, 362). There is no one before God and there is no creator (259). God is incomprehensible and almighty (259, 366). God created two kinds of creatures: visible (the creatures in the world) and invisible (angels, include the evil â€Å"Follower behind†) (262, 278). Second, man was created in God’s image–which gave man rational mind and independent will so that man will be aware of God. (273), praise God (261) and live in a good life with God. (Enoch’s life 294). Third, in Christology, Gregory emphasizes the incarnation of the Son is not a sudden idea, not a phantom (402) but an eternal redemption plan of God. All the prophecies was foreshadowing Christ (342) and concerning Christ (377). Gregory skims the life and teaching of Jesus but emphasizes much in Christ’s death and resurrection. Jesus humbled Himself to the indignity of death (385, 587-595), came to bridge the separated, to build up what was destroyed (591). In Gregory’s view, the cross of Christ is the anti-type of the tower of Babel. The tower stands for scattering, represents God’s wrath of human’s sin; the cross stands for gathering that Jesus redirects people back to God (584, 585). With the promise of God’s spirit dwelling in the believers, Gregory further insists the Martyrs live and intercede for men (596-597) which ... ...however, find a light to solve the problem of illiteracy. Armenians is the only nation who maintains Christianity as the national religion to recent decades. Reasons for success are many, like a distinct geography, recurred prosecutions, and the martyrs linked with national pride could be the dominant factors; but also, the book of Teaching of St. Gregory is definitely a significant reason to keep the Armenians’ faith in the long history. Its â€Å"non-difficult,† comprehensive, systematic way explaining God’s demand, human’s sin & responsibility, God’s protection with whom in prosecution; provide reason, strength and faith for Armenians to live their lives faithfully. Another important thing the church can do is to adopt new technology, A-V computerized aids to polish the traditions of Christian faith and provide a fresh expression of Christianity to our neighbours.

Puritans Views On Sex And Morality Essay

What were the Puritans views on sex and morality? How do they compare to American values of today? Puritan is described as one who lives in accordance with Protestant precepts, especially one who regards pleasure or luxury as sinful. It is said that a widely known Puritan by the name of John Calvin (1509-1564) was cheerless and had a viciously malevolent theology based on total human depravity and the implacable wrath of God. An unhappy and unhealthy ascetic, he had ulcers, tuberculosis, and migraine headaches and considered life of little value and God as a harsh tyrant. Calvin set up a brutal political theocracy. No dancing, fancy clothes, and jewelry were allowed. He was in favor of death penalty for adultery. Even legitimate love was stringently regulated. Solemn weddings with no revelry were the beliefs that he preached to others. The Calvin marriage had two functions: (1) to produce offspring (2) to eliminate incontinence. Another Puritan believer who was famous during his times was John Knox . He had Blue Laws of the 1650s, and was against Sunday amusements, smoking, drinking, gambling, fancy clothing. He also promoted public whippings, scarlet letters, execution for adulterers, and the Salem â€Å"witch† executions. Stern puritan traits were often only expressions that masked moods of mischief and romance. Sex outside of marriage was attacked. Puritans greatly enjoyed sex inside marriage and propagated the concept of the virtue of virginity. 16th Century Puritans tried to combine the ideals of love with the normality of sex into marriage. They also valued money more than leisure, and success more than culture. After the 17th century. the Puritans as a political entity largely disappeared, but Puritan attitudes and ethics continued to exert an influence on American society. They made a virtue of qualities that made for economic success—self-reliance, frugality, industry, and energy—and through them influenced modern social and economic life. For the Puritans, a person by nature was wholly sinful and could achieve good only by severe and unremitting discipline. Hard work was considered a religious duty and emphasis was laid on constant self-examination and self-discipline. Profanation of the Sabbath day, blasphemy, fornication, drunkenness, playing games of chance, and participation in theatrical performances were penal offenses. It was the notion that Puritans were strict, formal, quick to judge and always on the lookout for anything mischievous. Anything too ostentatious, pretentious or blatant was immediately a source of discipline for the Puritans. On this note, before making a comparison between the two, we must first ask, what is morality? Morality is concerned with the distinction between good and evil or right and wrong. It is the perceived guidelines of a standard of how we live our life, how we act, how we think about things and the protocol of how things work around us.   This first example of immorality may be considered by many as one that does not have anything to do with morality, but if you give it more then cursory thought, you would most likely consider it a morality issue. Luxury things are one of the most prevalent consumer items nowadays. In fact, many major industries stem from this market/ business. If you think deeply about it, WHY do consumers buy luxury items when there are existing items that could as well be the same quality and kind? Luxury items promote the notion that those who belong to a certain class or earning bracket are those who can afford such goods. They promote a certain image of the luxury item purchaser, that they are a â€Å"higher-class† or that they belong to a higher level of social status. This in itself could be seen as condescending. In comparison to the Puritans, indulgence in wordly things are considered â€Å"evil† and unright. Today’s times propagate consumerism, luxury, indulgence, opulence. Whereas, for the Puritans, all these were wrong values as they believed in simplicity. Albert Einstein once said † The value of a man resides in what he gives and not in what he is capable of receiving.† But with the morality and values of America today, it seems, that people are more concerned about what they can receive or benefit over that which they can give. And this is contrary to what Puritans believe in. With regards to sex, Puritans strongly believed in the sanctity of marriage. They believed that sex was only to be enjoyed if it was inside marriage. They valued virginity and upheld rigid values concerning physical intimateness outside of marriage. As compared to a majority of Americans, it seems that in today’s world, they are more open to sexual relations outside of marriage. Many Americans do not believe in preserving their virginity for marriage. This is stark contrast to what Puritans believed in. Perhaps even in relationships, Puritans only believed in relationships with a purpose-one that was heading towards marriage. Where as young people, Generation X,Y,Z and baby boomers do not seem to always have marriage in mind when dating a prospect. This only skims the surface of a myriad of values on sex and morality that separates modern-day Americans from Puritans but this shows the positives and negatives about two very different perspectives and what positive points we can pick up from each aspect. Works Cited McMahon, Dr. C. Matthew. â€Å"Puritan Roots: A Brief Sketch of the Values of Puritanism†. E. C. Hill. Society and Puritanism in Pre-Revolutionary England (2d ed. 1967).

Causation A Human Creation - 530 Words

Causation is not something often taken into consideration as it seems to be an innate process, trying to determine the reason behind something occurring. What is causation, though? It is the relation of cause and effect between two temporally simultaneous events when the first event brings about the other, but how is cause determined? Is it not just constant conjunction, where cause is determined by the previous action? What is causation has plagued many, not just philosophers but those in other professions, the judicial system and scientific community especially. Many from the general populous would refute a claim that there is no such thing as causation, but if countered with the question how does one determine cause then silence would be par for course. The problem with the common perception of causation is that everyone has grown up thinking about cause and effect. If I do this what will be the result? This is something parent and teachers encourage young children to do but this builds in the idea that an action has a predictable and replicable result. Is this always the case? David Hume discusses the idea that we, as human beings, do not observe causation, and that an individual’s perception of causation is built upon past experience and only creates a correlation between events. There are many examples of the correlation which Hume speaks of including the following; a ball hits a window. The window breaks. Therefore the ball broke the window. These events correlateShow MoreRelatedThe Influence and Accomplishments of Thomas Aquinas and G.W. Leibnizs750 Words   |  3 Pagestheorizes that creation is not complete even once some â€Å"thing† has been created completely. He argues that creation is an ongoing process and depends on God for every moment it continues. He elaborates on this by describing God as creation itself, and not necessarily as a formed entity. 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